NIOS Class 12 building

NIOS Class 12

₹23,708.00 - ₹173,628.00

NIOS Class 12 offers the Senior Secondary Program. It follows the National Curriculum Framework 2023. NIOS operates through more than 7400 Study Centers spread all over India and abroad. It also has study centers for Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Kuwait, Nepal, Canada, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Australia, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore and the United States of America. NIOS Class 12 is increasingly becoming more popular. Students don’t have to meet the requirements of the Board but it provides ample flexibility to meet the varied requirements of students.

How many subjects are compulsory in NIOS 12th?

The board has provided the NIOS Subject list Class 12 2023 for the NIOS 12th board on their official website – nios.ac.in. NIOS Class 12 Subjects include Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Economics, History, etc. For NIOS 12th students, a minimum of 5 subjects with one or a maximum of 2 languages is mandatory.

Can I get into IIT after NIOS?

Building on the foundation laid by JEE Main, JEE Advanced is the gateway to the prestigious Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs). NIOS candidates are eligible for JEE Advanced, provided they not only qualify in the JEE Main examination but also secure a position among the top 2,50,000 candidates.

Is NIOS valid everywhere?

Yes, the NIOS board is recognized by all universities and educational institutions in India. It is the most authentic open school in the world. You can clear more doubts concerning the NIOS board by calling our number 9792111121. The National Open School is a government-authorized board.

Can I skip 11 in NIOS?

Yes…. the aim of this Nios is to save your year… Yes, you can. This Course is designed for those who have passed the Xth standard or equivalent examination from a recognised Board and would like to continue their education towards a Senior Secondary Certification, equivalent to XII standard.

Which countries accept NIOS?

The 12th grade marksheet of the NIOS board is considered equivalent to the CBSE board for undergraduate courses abroad. You can apply to countries like Australia, the USA, and Canada with your NIOS marksheet. However, you also have to fulfill other requirements, like TOEFL or IELTS scores.

Is NIOS regular or private?

Currently, at the national level, there are three central boards in India namely CBSE, CISCE, and NIOS. CBSE and CISCE are regular school boards, whereas NIOS is an open school board.

SKU: N/A

NIOS SUBJECT CHOICES & EXAM SCHEME

In NIOS Curriculum for Senior Secondary (Class 11th and 12th), Vikalp offers a total of five compulsory subjects including one or two languages. Subjects are divided into 6 groups: Group A, B, C, D, E and F.

Students can choose any five Subjects with either one or two languages from Group A and the remaining subjects from Group B, C, D, E and F. He/she can take more than one subject from Group A and B.  However, there is a limitation: Only one Subject from each group C, D, E and F can be opted.

If a student wants to take more than 5 subjects. He/she can take additional two subjects from any Group with additional fees. However, this also has the same limitation: only one Subject from each group C, D, E and F can be opted. 

Group A

English
Hindi
Punjabi
Tamil
Gujarati
Bengali
Sanskrit
Arabic

Group B

Mathematics
Psychology
Geography
Economics
Business Studies
Painting
Data Entry Operations

Group C

Physics
History

Group D

Chemistry
Political Science

Group E

Biology
Accountancy

Group F

Computer Science
Socialogy

NIOS Grade 12 Curriculum

MATHEMATICS

Module-I: Sets, Relations and Functions

  • Sets
  • Relations and Functions-I
  • Trigonometric Functions-I
  • Trigonometric Functions-II
  • Relation between Sides and Angles of A triangle

 

Module- ll: Sequences and Series

  • Sequences and Series
  • Some Special Sequences

 

Module-III: Algebra-I

  • Complex Numbers
  • Quadratic Equations and Linear Inequalities
  • Principle of Mathematical Induction
  • Permutations and Combinations
  • Binomial Theorem

 

Module-IV: Co-ordinate Geometry

  • Cartesian System of Rectangular Coordinates
  • Straight Lines
  • Circles
  • Conic Sections

 

Module-V: Statistics and Probability

  • Measures of Dispersion
  • Random Experiments and Events
  • Probability

 

Module-VI: Algebra-II

  • Matrices
  • Determinants
  • Inverse of a Matrix and its Applications

 

Module- VII: Relations and Functions

  • Relations and Functions-II
  • Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 

Module- VIII: Calculus

  1. Limits and Continuity
  2. Differentiation
  3. Differentiation of Trigonometric functions
  4. Differentiation of Exponential and Logarithmic functions
  5. Application of Derivatives
  6. Integration
  7. Definite Integrals
  8. Differential Equations

 

Module-IX: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

  1. Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry
  2. Vectors
  3. Plane
  4. Straight Line

 

Module-X: Linear Programming and Mathematical Reasoning

  1. Linear Programming

38. Mathematical Reasoning

PHYSICS

Module 1: Force and Energy

  • Units Dimensions and Vectors
  • Motion in a Straight Line
  • Laws of Motion
  • Motion in a Plane
  • Gravitation
  • Work, Energy and Power
  • Motion of a Rigid Body

 

Module 2: Mechanics of Solids and Fluids

  • Elastic Properties of Solids
  • Properties of Fluids

 

Module 3. Thermal Physics

  • Kinetic Theory of Gases
  • Heat Transfer and Solar Energy
  • Thermodynamics

 

Module 4: Oscillations and Waves

  • Simple Harmonic Motion
  • Wave Phenomena

 

Module 5: Electricity and Magnetism

  • Electric Charge and Electric Field
  • Electric Potential and Capacitors
  • Electric Current
  • Magnetism and Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
  • Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

 

Module 6: Optics and Optical Instruments

  • Reflection and Refraction of Light
  • Optical Instruments
  • Dispersion and Scattering of Light
  • Wave Phenomena and Light

 

Module 7. Atoms and Nuclei

  • Structure of Atoms
  • Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
  • Nuclei and Radioactivity
  • Nuclear Fission and Fusion

 

Module 8: Semiconductor Devices and Communication

  • Semiconductors and Semiconducting Devices
  • Applications of Semiconductor Devices

Communication System

CHEMISTRY

Module I: Some Basic concepts of Chemistry

  • Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Arithmetic

 

Module II: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

  • Periodic Table and Periodicity in Properties
  • Atomic Structure
  • Chemical Bonding

 

Module III: States of Matter

  • The Gaseous State and Liquid State
  • The Solid State
  • Solutions
  • Colloidal

 

Module VI: Chemical Energetics

  • Chemical Thermodynamics
  • Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions

 

Module V: Chemical Dynamics

  • Chemical Equilibrium
  • Ionic Equilibrium
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Adsorption and Catalysis
  • General Characteristics of p-Block Elements

 

Module VI: Chemistry of Elements

  • Occurrence and Extraction of Metals
  • P-Block Elements and Their Compounds-I
  • Hydrogen and s-Block Elements
  • P-Block Elements and their Compounds-II
  • D-Block and f-Block Elements
  • Coordination Compounds

 

Module VII: Chemistry of Organic Compounds

  • Nomenclature and General Principles
  • Hydrocarbons
  • Compounds of Carbon Containing Halogens
  • Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
  • Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
  • Compounds of Carbon Containing Nitrogen
  • Biomolecules

 

Module VIII: Chemistry in Everyday Life

  • Drugs and Medicines
  • Soaps, Detergents and Polymers
  • Environmental Chemistry
BIOLOGY

Module-I: Diversity and Evolution of Life

  • Origin and Evolution of Life and Introduction to Classification
  • The Kingdom Monera, Protoctista and Fungi
  • Kingdom Plantae and Animalia
  • Cell Structure and Function
  • Tissues and other Level of Organization

 

Module-II: Forms and Functions of Plants and Animals

  • Absorption, Transport and Water Loss in Plants
  • Nutrition in plants - Mineral Nutrition
  • Nutrition and Digestion
  • Respiration and Elimination of Nitrogenous Wastes
  • Locomotion and Movement
  • Homeostasis: The Steady State
  • Root system
  • Shoot system
  • Nitrogen Metabolism
  • Photosynthesis
  • Respiration in Plants
  • Circulation of Body Fluids
  • Coordination and Control - The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

 

Module-III: Reproduction and Heredity

  • Growth and Development in Plants
  • Genetics and Society
  • Reproduction in Plants
  • Reproduction and Population Control
  • Principles of Genetics
  • Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression

 

Module- IV: Environment and Health

  • Conservation and Use of Natural Resources
  • Pollution
  • Some Common Human Diseases
  • Principles of Ecology
  • Nutrition and Health

 

Module- V: Emerging Areas in Biology

  • Immunobiology: An Introduction
  • Biotechnology
ACCOUNTANCY

Module 1. Accounting: An Introduction

  1. Accounting: An Introduction
  2. Accounting Concepts
  3. Accounting Conventions and Standards
  4. Accounting for Business Transactions
  5. Journal
  6. Ledger
  7. Cash Book
  8. Special Purpose Books

 

 

Module 2. Trial Balance and Computers

  1. Trial Balance
  2. Bank reconciliation Statement
  3. Bills of Exchange
  4. Errors and their Rectification
  5. Computer and Computerised Accounting System

 

Module 3. Financial statements

  1. Depreciation
  2. Provisions and Reserves
  3. Financial Statements: An Introduction
  4. Financial Statements -I
  5. Financial Statements -II
  6. NPO: An Introduction
  7. Financial Statements (NPOs)
  8. Accounts from Incomplete Records

 

 

Module 4. Partnership Accounts

  1. Partnership: An Introduction L-23 Admission of a Partner
  2. Retirement and Death of a Partner
  3. Dissolution of a Partnership Firm

 

Module 5. Company Accounts

  1. Company An Introduction
  2. Issue of Debentures
  3. Issue of Shares
  4. Forfeiture of Shares
  5. Reissue of Forfeited Shares

 

Module 6. Analysis of Financial Statements

  1. Financial Statement Analysis- An Introduction
  2. Accounting Ratio-I
  3. Accounting Ratio- II
  4. Cash Flow Statement

 

Module 7. Application of Computers in Financial Accounting

  1. Electronic Spreadsheet
  2. Use of spreadsheet in Business
  3. Graphs and Charts for Business
  4. Database Management System for Accounting
BUSINESS STUDIES

Model 1. Introduction to Business

  1. Nature and scope of Business
  2. Support services
  3. Forms of Business
  4. Business Environment
  5. Company Form of Business

 

Model 2. Business Management and its Functions

  1. Fundamentals of Management L-7. Planning and Organising
  2. Staffing and Directing
  3. Co-ordination and Controlling

 

Model 3. Business Finance

  1. Financial Planning and Management
  2. Short Term Sources of Finance
  3. Long Term Sources of Finance
  4. Financial Markets

 

Model 4. Marketing

  1. Introduction to Marketing
  2. Marketing Mix
  3. Advertising and Salesmanship
  4. Consumer Protection

 

Model 5. Trade

  1. Internal Trade
  2. External Trade

 

Model 6. Avenues in Business and Employment

  1. Job Employment
  2. Skill Development
  3. Modern Modes of Business
  4. Self-Employment
COMPUTER SCIENCE

Module 1: Basic Computing

  • Computer Fundamentals
  • Binary Logic
  • Computer Software
  • Operating System
  • Data Communication and Networking
  • Communications on Internet Emailing

Module 2: Office Automation

  • Digital Documentation
  • Spreadsheets
  • Digital Presentation
  • Open Source Resources

Module 3. Programming in C++ L 12- Introduction to C++

  • Basic Concepts of OOP
  • Control Statements
  • Functions
  • Array
  • Structure, Typedef & Enumerated Data Type
  • Classes & Objects with Constructors/Destructors
  • Inheritance – Extending Classes
  • Pointer
  • Files

 

Module 4. Database Concepts, Web Designing

  • Fundamentals of Data Structure
  • New Trends in Computing
  • Database Management System
  • Web Designing using HTML
  • Inserting images & Lists in a Web page

 

Module 5: Professional Skills

  • Project Management Skills
  • Entrepreneurship Skills
  • Professional Communication Skills
HISTORY

Module 1. Ancient India

  1. Understanding Indian History
  2. The Geographical Setting and prehistoric cultures of India.
  3. From Janapadas to Empire
  4. India Between AD 750–1200
  5. Post Mauryan Developments
  6. The Guptas and Their Successors (A.D.300–750)
  7. The Harappan Civilization
  8. The Vedic Age (1500 BC–600BC)

 

Module 2. Medieval India

  1. Emergence of Regional States in India: Twelfth to Eighteenth Century
  2. Economy of Medieval India
  3. Understanding Eighteenth Century India
  4. Establishment and Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate
  5. Establishment of the Mughal Rule
  6. Administrative System and Institutions
  7. Cultural Developments in Medieval India

 

Module 3. Modern India

  1. Economic changes
  2. Establishment of British rule in India till 1857
  3. Social changes
  4. Popular resistance to company rule

 

Module 4. Indian National Movement and Contemporary India

  1. Nationalism
  2. National Movement & Indian Democracy
  3. 20th Century World
  4. Legacy of 19th Century
  5. National Liberation Movements
  6. Social Transformation in the Twentieth Century
  7. World War I and the Russian Revolution.
  8. The Inter War Period and the Second World War
  9. Cold war and its effects
  10. Changes in the Twentieth Century

 

Module 5. Evolution of States in India or Culture in India

  1. Towards Formation of State
  2. Early States
  3. Colonial State
  4. Contemporary Cultural Situation
  5. Cultural Production
  6. Medieval States
  7. Cultural Communication
POLITICAL SCIENCE

Module 1: Individual and The State

  1. Meaning and Scope of Political Science
  2. Nation and State
  3. Distinction Between Society, Nation, State and Government
  4. Major Political Theories

 

Module 2: Aspects of the Constitution of India

  1. Preamble and the Salient Features of The Constitution of India
  2. Fundamental Rights
  3. Indian Federal System
  4. Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties
  5. Emergency Provisions

 

Module 3: Structure of Government

  1. The Executive in The States
  2. State Legislature
  3. Union Executive
  4. Parliament of India
  5. Supreme Court of India
  6. High Courts and Subordinate Courts
  7. Local Government: Urban and Rural

 

Module 4: Democracy at Work

  1. Universal Adult Franchise and The Methods of Representation
  2. Electoral System in India
  3. National Political Parties
  4. Regionalism and Regional Parties
  5. Public Opinion and Pressure Group

 

Module 5: Major Contemporary Issues

  1. Communalism, Caste and Reservations
  2. Environmental Awareness
  3. Good Governance
  4. Human Rights

 

Module 6: India and the World

  1. India's Foreign Policy
  2. India's Relations with USA And Russia
  3. India and Its Neighbors: China, Pakistan, And Sri Lanka

 

Module 7. World Order and the United Nations

  1. Contemporary World Order
  2. United Nations
  3. United Nations Peace Activities
  4. United Nations and Economic and Social Development

 

Module 8. Administrative System in India

  1. Public Service Commissions
  2. Administrative Machinery at The Centre, States and District Levels
  3. Political Executive and Bureaucracy
  4. Public Grievances and Redressal Machinery
GEOGRAPHY

Module 1. The study of Geography as a discipline

  1. Nature and subject matter of Geography

 

Module 2. Dynamic and Geomorphic

  1. Processes of the Earth
  2. Endogenic Forces
  3. Running water, moving ice, wind and sea waves

 

Module 3: Exogenic Forces and their resultant landforms

  1. The domain of the water on the earth
  2. Hydrological Cycle and Ocean

 

Module 4. Dynamics of Atmosphere

  1. Structure and composition; Insolation
  2. Humidity and precipitation
  3. Atmospheric pressure and winds
  4. Climate and Climate Change

 

Module 5. Biogeography and Biodiversity

  1. Biosphere, Biomes and Biodiversity

 

  1. Physical Geography of India
  2. Natural Hazards and Disasters
  3. Physical Settings
  4. Climate

 

  1. Natural resources, Utilisation and Management
  2. Land and Soil Resources
  3. Forests and Biodiversity
  4. Water Resources

 

  1. Economic Geography of India
  2. Major Industries and Industrial Complexes
  3. Agriculture and Food Security
  4. Mineral and Energy Resources
  5. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI),
  6. Transport, Communication and Trade

 

  1. Human resource development in India
  2. Population Growth and Distribution
  3. Population Composition
  4. Human Development

 

  1. Contemporary Issues and Challenges
  2. Environment, Health and Sanitation
  3. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
ECONOMICS

 

  • Overview of Indian Economy
  • Economic Planning in India
  • Economic Growth and Economic
  • The Problem of Unemployment, Poverty and Inequality
  • Meaning, Scope and its Need in Economics
  • Collection and Classification of Data
  • Presentation of Data
  • Measures of Central Tendency
  • Measures of Dispersion -
  • Correlation Analysis
  • Index Numbers
  • Introduction to the study of Economics
  • Central Problems of an Economy
  • Consumer's Equilibrium
  • Demand
  • Price Elasticity of Demand
  • Production Function
  • Cost of Production
  • Supply
  • Price Elasticity of Supply
  • Forms of Market
  • Price Determination Under Perfect Competition
  • Revenue and Profit Maximization of a Competitive
  • National Income and related Aggregates
  • National Income and its Measurement
  • Consumption, Saving and Investment
  • Theory of Income Determination
  • Money and Banking
  • Government and the Budget
PSYCHOLOGY

Module I: Foundations of Psychology

  • Psychology: Understanding Self and Others
  • How Psychologists Study?
  • Biological and Cultural Shaping of Mind and Behaviour
  • Becoming Aware of the World Around Us
  • Attention and Perception

Module II: Key Psychological Processes

  • Learning Process and Acquiring Skills
  • Remembering and Forgetting
  • Going Beyond the Reality: Thinking and Reasoning
  • Motivation
  • Emotions

 

Module III: Developmental Processes

  • Development: Its Nature
  • Domains of Development
  • Adolescence
  • Adulthood and Aging
  • Understanding Individual Differences: The case of Intelligence

 

Module IV: Self and Personality

  • What is Self?
  • Self and Psychological Processes
  • Personality Theories
  • Personality Assessment
  • Psychological Disorder

 

Module V: Social and Applied Psychology

  • Group Processes
  • Person Perception and Interpersonal Attraction
  • Man Environment Interaction
  • Psychotherapy
  • Health Psychology
  • Optional module

 

OPTIONAL MODULE

 

Module VI: Optional Module

  1. World of Work
  2. Education and work
  3. Career Development
  4. Vocational Choice and Vocational Adjustment
  5. Stress and Your Health
  6. Stress management and Well-Being

 

Facilitating Early Childhood Education

  1. Developmental Patterns in Early Childhood
  2. Play Centre: Objectives
  3. Play Centre: Structural Details
  4. Planning and Conducting Programmes
  5. Involvement of Parents and Community in a Play Centre
SOCIOLOGY

Module 1: Sociology: Basic Concepts

  • An Introduction to Sociology
  • Emergency and Development of Sociology
  • Sociology: It Relationship with other Social Sciences
  • Methods and Techniques of Research in Sociology
  • Social, Community, Association and Institution
  • Social Groups
  • Social Structure and Social System
  • Norms and values
  • Status and Role
  • Cooperation, Competition and Conflict
  • Acculturation, Assimilation & Integration

 

Module 2: Social Institution and Social Stratification

  • Economy, Polity and Religion
  • Marriage
  • Family
  • Kinship
  • Economy, Polity and Religion
  • Social Stratification: Hierarchy, Differentiation and Inequality

 

Module 3

  • Social Change, Socialisation and Social Control
  • Factors of Social Change
  • Processes of Social Change
  • Socialisation
  • Social Control
  • Social Deviance
  • Society and Environment

 

Module 4: Indian Society

  • Indian Social Thinkers
  • Unity and Diversity
  • National Integration: Concept and Challenges
  • Indian society: Tribal, Rural and Urban
  • Caste system in India
  • Major Religious Communities in India
  • Major Social Problems in India
  • Problem of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes
  • Problems of Other Deprived Section

 

Module 5 (a) Status of Women

  • Problems of women
  • Quest for Equality and Women’s Empowerment
  • Historical and Cultural perspectives
  • Gender discrimination

 

Module 5 (b) Culture

  • Cultural Pluralism
  • Media and Culture
  • Culture: concept and characteristics
  • Indian Cultural Heritage
PAINTING

THEORY

  • Lesson-1 Prehistoric Painting of India
  • Lesson-2 Painting of Indus Valley Civilization
  • Lesson-3 Ajanta and Post Ajanta Painting
  • Lesson-4 Sculpture of Indus Valley Civilization
  • Lesson-5 Mauryan and Post Mauryan Art
  • Lesson-6 Medieval Period Painting
  • Lesson-7 Mughal Painting
  • Lesson-8 Pahari Painting
  • Lesson-9 South Indian Painting
  • Lesson-10 Company School of Painting
  • Lesson-11 Contemporary Art and Artist
  • Lesson-12 Fresco and Tempera in Indian Art
  • Lesson-13 Drawing and Painting with Dry Medium
  • Lesson-14 Mural and Printing
  • Lesson-15 Folk and Tribal Art

PRACTICAL

  • Practical-1 Nature Study with Pencil and Colour
  • Practical-2 Still Life with Shading
  • Practical-3 Portraiture
  • Practical-4 Creating Forms of Composition
  • Practical-5 Poster Making
  • Practical-6 Creating Texture and Printing
  • Practical-7 Collage Making
  • Practical-8 Applied Art Graphic Design
  • Practical-9 Creative Design with Reference to Tribal and Folk Art
  • Lesson -1 Nature Study with Pencil and Colour

PRACTICAL GUIEDELINES

  • Lesson -1 Nature Study with Pencil and Colour
  • Lesson -2 Still Life with Shading
  • Lesson-3 Portraiture
  • Lesson-4 Creative Forms of Composition
  • Lesson-5 Poster Making
  • Lesson-6 Creating Texture and Printing
  • Lesson-7 Collage Making
  • Lesson-8 Graphic Design Manual and Digital
  • Lesson-9 Creative Design with Reference to Tribal and Folk Art
DATA ENTRY OPERATIONS
  • Basics of Computer
  • Operating System
  • Basics of Word Processing
  • Formatting of Documents
  • Mail Merge Public Examination
  • Basics of Spreadsheets
  • Formatting of Spreadsheets
  • Formulas, Functions and Chart
  • Creating Presentation
  • Internet

 

NIOS Class 12 and preparation of Board examination?

CBSE has defined time and rules. Even subjects are limited. In NIOS you have a wide range of subjects. You can choose any language out of 26 language options. There are a lot of choices of subjects. You can skip Science and Mathematics. You can choose subjects as per your career goals. In the Twelfth Board there are no defined subject streams like Since, Arts and Commerce. You can make your own combination of subjects.

Unlike CBSE, exams are conducted twice in a year in NIOS. You can take On Demand Examination any time of the year. You have to just inform your centre that you are ready to take the examination. Vikalp helps you in preparing for these examinations. Students have to apply on their own as application is personalised in nature. Of course, Vikalp will guide you on how to apply. Facilitators of Vikalp will conduct mock tests and prepare students for viva. Since Vikalp method of teaching is Activity-based, practical exams become a cake walk for Vikalp students.

Nonetheless, the Facilitators help students in Record Book Submissions where details of all practical’s are mentioned. It’s important as it contains 20% weightage. Most crucial part of the NIOS Board is Tutor Mark Assignment. Expertise of Vikalp Facilitators is very decisive. They guide students on how the marking is done and how to score in these assignments. Vikalp will ensure that each student gets a Marksheet, Certificate, Provisional Certificate and Migration Certificate from the Board within 6 months after the Result Declaration.